Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated White Matter Lesions in AIDS: Magnetization Transfer MR Imaging

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Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the magnetization transfer features of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated white matter lesions (WML) (hereafter, HIV-WML) on magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional MR imaging and magnetization transfer MR imaging were performed in 21 AIDS patients with 42 areas of white matter hyperintensity on MR images (13 patients had 25 PML lesions, eight patients had 17 WML). The magnetization transfer ratio was calculated for each lesion. RESULTS: Compared with normal-appearing white matter (magnetization transfer ratio = 47.9%), both PML and HIV-WML showed reduced magnetization transfer ratio. The magnetization transfer ratio was significantly lower in PML lesions (magnetization transfer ratio = 26.1%) than in HIV-WML (magnetization transfer ratio = 38.0%, P < .0001), and there was no overlap in the magnetization transfer ratio between...