Causes, effects and treatment of long‐term benzodiazepine use: A review of psychological perspectives

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Abstract
Psychological mechanisms underlying addictive behaviour are described with particular reference to the role of learning and cognition in long‐term benzodiazepine use. The effects of long‐term tranquillizer use on cognitive functioning are then discussed, and it is suggested that the long‐term use of benzodiazepines is associated with impairment in two areas of cognitive functioning; visual‐spatial ability and the ability to sustain attention on a repetitive task under time pressure. Psychological approaches to the management of long‐term benzodiazepine users have focused on tailoring cognitive and behavioural therapeutic techniques to the needs of tranquillizer‐dependent patients. A follow‐up study of patients treated for benzodiazepine dependence is described. It is argued that a gradual withdrawal regimen alone is inadequate for permanent withdrawal for many patients, and that psychological adjuncts should be included in treatment to provide patients with alternative coping strategies.

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