Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): The Effects of Azadirachtin on the Growth and Development of the Immature Forms

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Abstract
Topical applications of azadirachtin, a purified extract from seeds of the Indian neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, to larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, completely disrupted subsequent normal development to the adult stage. Prepupae and newly formed pupae were somewhat less susceptible, but pupae three days old and older were not affected. Calculated LD50 and LD90's of topically applied azadirachtin were 0.1 and 0.4 μg per larva, respectively. Azadirachtin also increased the duration of the immature stages. Larvae treated with 1.6 μg of azadirachtin, for example, had significantly longer (111%) larval periods than did untreated larvae. Length of prepupal and pupal stages were also increased by applications of azadirachtin.

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