Experimental Urolithiasis. I. Development of Calculi Upon Foreign Bodies Surgically Introduced into Bladders of Rats

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Abstract
Insufficient information is available regarding the role of foreign bodies in the urinary tract in the formation of calculi. Various foreign bodies were implanted into the bladder of adult male rats resulting in the production of magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi. Of the 8 different materials used, polythene and paraffin failed as nuclei for stone formation. Relatively large stones were produced in approx. 50% of rats in 4 to 10 weeks with porcelain, chalk, charcoal, human stone fragments, Pb, or Zn implants. When the animals were sacrificed less than half the stone bearing rats were found to have infected urine. These expts. emphasize the importance of the presence of a foreign surface in the development of urinary calculi.
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