Mortality on Immigrant Voyages to New York, 1836–1853
- 1 June 1984
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Cambridge University Press (CUP) in The Journal of Economic History
- Vol. 44 (2) , 289-300
- https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700031892
Abstract
The first systematic estimates of mortality on immigrant ships are presented in the paper. From passenger lists of immigrant arrivals, a sample of 1077 ships that arrived at New York between 1836 and 1853 was obtained and analyzed. Immigrants died at a rate of about 10 per thousand boarded per month with a significantly higher rate for 1849. Mortality was found to vary by sex, port of origin, and season of arrival. No significant variation was found between mortality and the following variables: crowding, nationality of the immigrant, and year of arrival.Keywords
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