Academic Studying: The Role of Learning Strategies

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Abstract
The phenomena of studying in academic domains are characterized and analyzed with special reference to the role of learning strategies. Characteristics peculiar to studying for academic purposes are described, and an autonomous learning model of studying is presented. Derived from selected theory and research, the major components of the model are study outcomes, study activities, course characteristics (including the nature of criterion performance), and student characteristics. In accord with the model, four principles hypothesized as determinants of the effectiveness of studying are proposed: specificity, generativity, executive monitoring, and personal efficacy. The kinds of additional evidence needed to verify the principles are specified.

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