Induction of T helper type 1–like regulatory cells that express Foxp3 and protect against airway hyper-reactivity

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Abstract
The range of regulatory T cell (TR cell) types that control immune responses is poorly understood. We describe here a population of TR cells that developed in vivo from naive CD4+CD25− T cells during a T helper type 1 (TH1)–polarized response, distinct from CD25+ TR cells. These antigen-specific TR cells were induced by CD8α+ DCs, produced both interleukin 10 and interferon-γ, and potently inhibited the development of airway hyper-reactivity. These TR cells expressed the transcription factors Foxp3 and T-bet, indicating that these TR cells are related to TH1 cells. Thus, adaptive TR cells are heterogeneous and comprise TH1-like TR cells as well as previously described TH2-like TR cells, which express Foxp3 and are induced during the development of respiratory tolerance by CD8α− DCs.

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