Velocity diagnostics of mildly relativistic, high current electron beams

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Abstract
We describe two diagnostic methods for measuring the velocity components of mildly relativistic, high current electron beams. The first involves a measurement of the radial electrostatic potential and of the beam current and yields the time resolved, spatially averaged axial beam velocity v∥. The second requires a measurement of the beam cyclotron wavelength in the guiding magnetic field and yields a spatially averaged product γv∥, where γ=(1−v2⊥/c2−v2⊥/c2)−1/2 and v⊥ is the transverse beam velocity. By combining the two techniques we obtain v∥ and v⊥ for a 0.4–1.2 MV electron beam carrying a current of 1–2 kA.