Thermal magnetization reversal in arrays of nanoparticles

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Abstract
The results of large-scale simulations investigating the dynamics of magnetization reversal in arrays of single-domain nanomagnets after a rapid reversal of the applied field at nonzero temperature are presented. The numerical micromagnetic approach uses the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation including contributions from thermal fluctuations and long-range dipole–dipole demagnetizing effects implemented using a fast-multipole expansion. The individual model nanomagnets are 9 nm×9 nm×150 nm iron pillars similar to those fabricated on a surface with scanning tunneling microscope assisted chemical vapor deposition [S. Wirth et al., J. Appl. Phys. 85, 5249 (1999)]. Nanomagnets oriented perpendicular to the surface and spaced 300 nm apart in linear arrays are considered. The applied field is always oriented perpendicular to the surface. When the magnitude of the applied field is less than the coercive value, about 2000 Oe for an individual nanomagnet, magnetization reversal in the nanomagnets can only occur by thermally activated processes. Even though the interaction from the dipole moment of neighboring magnets in this geometry is only about 1 Oe, less than 1% of the coercive field, it can have a large impact on the switching dynamics. What determines the height of the free-energy barrier is the difference between the coercive and applied fields, and 1 Oe can be a significant fraction of that. The magnetic orientations of the neighbors are seen to change the behavior of the nanomagnets in the array significantly.