Formation Processes of the Lead-Acid Battery Negative Plates

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Abstract
The advance of the processes within the bulk of the negative plate upon formation in sulfuric acid was studied by electron‐microprobe and x‐ray diffraction experiments and by microscopic observations. It was found that besides the electrochemical reaction of the formation of sponge lead there were also chemical reactions of the formation of lead sulfate which remain included in the lead network of crystals. The electrochemical reduction of lead sulfate takes place after the consumption of lead oxide and tribasic lead sulfate present in the paste. The elementary chemical and electrochemical reactions as well as their mutual relationships are determined as the basis of these measurements.

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