Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein composition and function

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Abstract
Alterations in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) composition in diabetes affect its function with respect to control of de novo cholesterol synthesis. We examined the effect of 4 weeks of an oleic-acid-rich diet on LDL composition and function in eight Type 2 diabetic and eight non-diabetic control subjects. LDL (density 1.019–1.063 g/I) was isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation. LDL composition was measured and LDL fatty acids were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Cholesterol synthesis was measured by [14C]-acetate incorporation into the freshly isolated mononuclear leucocytes. Fasting blood glucose fell from 9.3±2.0 to 8.2±1.2 mmol/l (p0.05) in the diabetic patients. LDL oleic acid increased in the diabetic patients from 18.8 ± 1.8% to 22.5 ± 1.9% (ppp14C]-acetate incorporation was similar in the two groups, and decreased after diet from 437±239 to 249±144ng/g cell protein (ppp<0.05). Enrichment of LDL with oleic acid appears to improve its ability to regulate endogenous cholesterol synthesis in both control and diabetic subjects. In the diabetic population, the diet had a favourable effect on glycaemic control.

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