Persistent Pharyngeal Colonization with Haemophilus influenzae Type b After Intravenous Chloramphenicol Therapy

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Abstract
A recent prospective study has demonstrated that age-susceptible household contacts of children with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) meningitis are at significantly increased risk of developing systemic HIB disease.1 Studies of meningococcal disease have suggested that chemoprophylaxis of close contacts of the index case may decrease this risk by reducing transmission from carriers to noncarriers.2 Chemoprophylaxis of household and day care contacts of children with HIB meningitis has been recommended.3 Three children treated with intravenous chloramphenicol for ampicillin-resistant HIB meningitis were found to harbor HIB in the pharynx prior to hospital discharge. These patients represent a potential source for the reintroduction of HIB into the household.

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