Abstract
The study of information is central to the science of Cybernetics. The communication and processing of information takes place, in general, by means of signals, which represent or describe (in other words symbolize) the entities to which the information relates. The present paper examines one of the foundation problems of Cybernetics: the principles of representing entities and the relations between them by systems of symbols. It treats these principles as extensions and generalizations of the fundamental concepts of measurement.

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