The fine structure of the haemocyte of the holothurian, Cucumaria miniata (Brandt)

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Abstract
The fine structure of the holothurian haemocyte is similar to that of the nucleated erythrocytes of lower vertebrates. Points of similarity include nuclear and nucleolar features, the distribution of haemoglobin, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and centrioles, and the presence of a marginal band of microtubules. Features apparently unique to this haemocyte are a canalicular system and an isolation membrane system. An interpretation of the functional relationships of the organelles is presented. Stages in the development and degradation of the haemocyte are also demonstrated. The morphological similarity of the holothurian haemocyte to lower vertebrate erythrocytes is attributed to functional analogy and parallel cellular adaptations, but not to homology.

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