Trehalose Toxicity in Cuscuta reflexa

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Abstract
A toxic effect of .alpha.,.alpha.-trehalose in an angiospermic plant, C. reflexa (dodder), is described. This disaccharide and its analogs, 2-aminotrehalose and 4-aminotrehalose, induced a rapid blackening of the terminal region of the vine which is involved in elongation growth. From the results of in vitro growth of several angiospermic plants and determination of trehalase activity in them, it is concluded that the toxic effect of trehalose in Cuscuta is because of the very low trehalose activity in the vine. As a result, trehalose accumulates in the vine and interferes with some process closely associated with growth. The growth potential of Lemna (a duckweed) in a medium containing trehalose as the C source was irreversibly lost upon addition of trehalosamine, an inhibitor of trehalase activity. Thus, if allowed to accumulate within the tissue, trehalose may be potentially toxic or inhibitory to higher plants in general. The presence of trehalase activity in plants, where its substrate has not been found to occur, is envisaged to relieve the plant from the toxic effects of trehalose which it may encounter in soil or during association with fungi or insects.