INTERACTION OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD IN THE INDUCTION OF PROLONGED DIAPAUSE IN NEODIPRION SERTIFER

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Abstract
Prepupae of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) held in darkness at 21 °C undergo a short normal diapause if exposed as feeding larvae to long photoperiods, but have no diapause if reared in the larval stage under short photoperiods. If cocoons from short-day rearings are exposed to 10 °C instead of 21 °C, a small proportion of the prepupal larvae undergo the normal or short diapause, but the majority enter an intense or prolonged type of diapause which results in three clearly defined periods of adult emergence within the range of 160 to 800 days after cocoon spinning. Mortality increases directly with the prolonged cocoon periods associated with intense diapause at 10 °C and there is a progressive decrease in reproductive potential of the survivors. If cocoons are held at 29 °C normal diapause and morphogenesis are prolonged but there is no evidence that a state of intense diapause is induced. Mortality is extreme, however, and the reproductive potential of the survivors is greatly reduced.The implication of these findings is discussed in relation to prolonged diapause in nature, a factor critical to the assessment of the seasonal history and population dynamics of the insect.