Development of Penning Multiply Charged Ion Sources for the Unilac

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Abstract
Two types of PIG sources suitable for generation of multiply charged metal ions are currently under investigation on the test bench: One is a Dubna type source equipped with a sputtering electrode similar to Tretyakov's design. The central part of the anode is run very hot to achieve effective re-evaporation of the sputtered material. Furthermore, source feed by use of ovens has been applied. The other source uses plasma-heated cathodes, and sputtering electrodes of cylindrical shape surrounding the plasma column almost entirely. For both source types, Ar is preferred as support gas; the content of metal ions in the total extracted current ranges from approx. 10 % up to 80 %, depending on source type and metal species. Among other ions, Ta10+, Au9+, Bi10+ and U11+ have been obtained.