Localized Changes in Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Roots of Lotus pedunculatus after Infection by Rhizobium loti

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Abstract
Two-dimensional paper chromatography in four solvent systems, high-sensitivity spray reagents, and UV absorption spectroscopy were used to separate and characterize flavonoids and isoflavonoids in roots and root nodules of 20-d-old Lotus pedunculatus Cav. Seedlings were grown either under sterile conditions or after inoculation with Fix+ or Fix− strains of Rhizobium loti. Flavonoids rather than isoflavonoids predominated in all tissues. Flavonoid profiles in sterile and denodulated root tissues were remarkably similar, both qualitatively and quantitatively. At least 14 partially purified flavonoid aglycones and conjugates were found in root extracts; denodulated root tissues contained no compounds that were not also present in sterile roots. Fix+ rhizobia were responsible for major postinfection shifts in plant flavonoid biosynthesis at the sites of nodule morphogenesis. Polymeric flavolans were absent from Fix+ nodules but present in all root tissues and in Fix− nodules. Catechin was detected only in Fix+ nodules.