Diversity protections for digital radio-summary of ten-year experiments and studies

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Abstract
A summary is presented of a series of critical experiments that led to recent discoveries of large improvement factors for digital radio performance by antenna pattern diversity, antenna angle diversity, frequency diversity, and space diversity. The measured diversity improvement factors for digital radio against multipath dispersive fading are larger than those predicted by the existing analog radio model by at least one order of magnitude. Applications of these findings will lead to substantial savings in the cost for diversity protections for digital radio routes. These discoveries stimulated the development of new models of diversity improvement factors for digital radio and the development of the DRDIV computer program for engineering digital radio routes. Background information is given on multipath fading and diversity concepts, and a glossary of terms is included.