Mammary Lipogenic Enzyme Activity, trans Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acids Are Altered in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed a Milk Fat–Depressing Diet

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Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of a milk fat–depressing (MFD) diet on: 1) the activity of mammary acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), 2) ACC mRNA relative abundance and 3) distributions of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and trans-18:1 fatty acids (tFA) in milk fat. Twelve lactating Holstein cows were used in a single reversal design. Two diets were fed: a control diet (60:40% forage/concentrate) and an MFD diet (25:70% forage/concentrate, supplemented with 5% soybean oil). The MFD diet decreased (P < 0 0.001) milk fat by 43% and ACC and FAS activity by 61 and 44%, respectively. A reduced ACC mRNA relative abundance (P < 0.001) corresponded with the lower ACC activity. The fatty acids synthesized de novo were decreased (P < 0.002), whereas tFA were increased from 1.9 to 15.6% due predominantly to a change in trans-10-18:1 isomer (P < 0.001). With the MFD diet, the trans-7, cis-9 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers were elevated (P < 0.001), in contrast to the decrease in trans-11-18:1 (P < 0.001) and cis-9, trans-11-18:2. The data were consistent with a dietary effect on mammary de novo FA synthesis mediated through a reduction in ACC and FAS activity and in ACC mRNA abundance. The results were compatible with a role of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk fat depression, but alterations noted in tFA and other CLA isomers suggest that they also may be important during diet-induced milk fat depression.