Case Management Approaches in Coordinated Community-Oriented Long-Term Care Demonstrations

Abstract
Based on the national evaluation of Medicaid 1115 and Medicare 222 community-based care demonstrations, variations in case management approaches are described. The costs of producing case management services are presented for selected programs. Less professionalization and less specialization of case management functions are associated with lower service coordination costs in free-standing agencies. Broader scope of case management and use of cost-caps are described as techniques for gaining greater control over publicly supported service use. Some of the ingredients for design of successful case management programs are suggested.