On‐line dialysis solid‐phase extraction coupled to capillary electrophoresis

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Abstract
A fully automated dialysis solid-phase extraction (SPE) sample preparation procedure is coupled on-line to capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the first time. The system is used to determine sulfonamides in serum and urine. The dialysis unit serves to remove proteins and particulate matter. Reconcentration of the analytes is performed with a small SPE column while (in)organic salts and other interferences are removed simultaneously. Finally, the analytes are desorbed and injected, via a homemade interface, into the CE system. Limits of detection (LOD) of 0.05-0.1 and 0.05-0.3 μg/mL are obtained in urine and serum, respectively. The within-day and between-day precisions are in the range of 2-6% and 3-8%, respectively, for a concentration of five times the LOD. The dialysis SPE-CE system was used over a period of six months for the analysis of over 500 serum and urine samples without problems such as clogging of the CE capillary or SPE column.