High variation in host adaptation among clones of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum on peas, Pisum sativum

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Abstract
The performance of one clone of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), was assessed on 37 different cultivars and species of Pisum L. In addition, random samples of 36 pea aphid clones collected on alfalfa and clover were tested on a selection of five Pisum sativum L. cultivars. Aphid performance was evaluated in terms of the mean relative growth rate (MRGR) during the first five days of life or other life history variables. The MRGR of the first‐mentioned pea aphid clone differed little between cultivars. No significant differences in MRGR were found between wild and cultivated Pisum species or between modern and old P. sativum cultivars. There was considerable variation in host adaptation among the 36 pea aphid clones within each sampled field. The pea aphid clones showed no consistent pattern in performance on four of the five pea cultivars i.e. there was a significant pea aphid genotype — pea genotype interaction. On one of the cultivars all clones performed well. Pea aphid clones collected from red clover generally performed relatively poorly on pea cultivars, in contrast to the pea aphid clones collected on alfalfa. There was no difference in performance between the two pea aphid colour forms tested. Possible reasons for the high variation and the observed adaptation patterns are discussed. The fact that all clones were collected in two adjacent fields indicates that A. pisum shows high local intraspecific variability in terms of host adaptation.