Lowering of HDL 2b by Probucol Partly Explains the Failure of the Drug to Affect Femoral Atherosclerosis in Subjects With Hypercholesterolemia

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Abstract
The aim of the Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST) (n=303) was to investigate whether probucol (0.5 g BID) added to diet and cholestyramine (8 g BID) could retard progression or induce regression of femoral atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic (>6.86 mmol/L) subjects. Probucol did not induce regression over the 3-year trial period as estimated by change in lumen volume on quantitative arteriography of a 20-cm segment of the femoral artery. In this report we studied in a representative subgroup (n=72) whether the reduction in HDL concentrations induced by probucol could explain the failure of the drug to be effective. We analyzed the effects of treatment on HDL particle size subclasses. Probucol lowered the relative level of HDL 2b , comprising the largest HDL particles, by 53% and the protein concentration of HDL 2b by 67%. The protein reduction in HDL was mainly confined to the apolipoprotein A-I moiety. The change in lumen volume correlated significantly with change in HDL, ie, HDL cholesterol ( r =.34, P <.01), HDL 2 cholesterol ( r =.37, P <.01), HDL 2b protein ( r =.44, P <.001), and the relative HDL 2b value ( r =.51, P <.001). The corresponding values for relative HDL 2b distribution calculated on the active (n=35) and placebo (n=37) groups separately were also significant ( r =.39 and .32, respectively; both P <.05). The correlation between drug-induced change in the relative HDL 2b concentration and change in atherosclerosis was independent of the alteration in triglyceride concentration and could not be explained by treatment interaction. HDL 2b lowering was highly significantly correlated to probucol concentration. We suggest that the lowering effects of probucol on HDL and particularly on the HDL 2b fraction at least in part explain why regression of femoral atherosclerosis was not obtained by the drug.