Lidar measurements of rotational Raman and double scattering

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Abstract
The analysis of unusually strong Raman backscattering signals from clouds shows that such signals cannot be merely related to filter on-line leakage. Theoretical calculations of Raman double scattering in an atmosphere with high optical depth values are presented, and it is shown that the Raman multiple scattering effect is not negligible. The results of the calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data.