DIGITAL FILTERS AND APPLICATIONS TO SEISMIC DETECTION AND DISCRIMINATION

Abstract
The mathematics of filtering in discrete time are presented. Filters are defined for the purposes of (1) condensing waveforms into impulsive functions, (2) wave shaping, (3) noise suppression, (4) signal detection according to the criterion of maximum signal-to-noise output at an instant, and (5) the same over an interval. The behavior of the complex Fourier transforms of some of these filters is considered and connection is made with the theory of orthogonal polynomials. This leads to the possibility of a feed back representation of these filters. In addition, computational experiments are described in which digital filters are applied to seismic body waves to (1) try to determine whether the first arrival is up or down on a seismogram corrupted with microseismic noise, (2) increase signal-to-noise ratio on seismograms where noise has almost obliterated signal, (3) assign polarity to each of two seismic first-motion wavelets so they can be termed 'same' or 'opposite,' (4) remove spectrum of seismometer from data, and (5) investigate the time varying spectral structure of underground nuclear shot seismograms.

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