Bridge Network for Measuring Very Small Impedances from 4.2 to 300°K with a Null-Detector Sensitivity of 10−11 Volt

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Abstract
An ac measuring technique devised primarily for measuring galvanomagnetic effects in metals is presented. The instrument may, however, be useful whenever it is desired to measure and record continuously impedances in the range 10−3 to 10−8 Ω. The sample assembly is disscussed in some detail. Measurements with the bridge show that in the temperature range 300°K to 4.2°K the noise level changes from 30×10−11 V to 10−11 V without any zero shift, and as a result the lower limit for the impedance range changes from 10−6 Ω to less than 5×10−8 Ω.

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