Effect of hot plate temperature on the antinociceptive activity of mixed opioid agonist‐antagonist compounds

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Abstract
The effects of four different hot plate temperatures (49.5, 53, 55, and 60°C) on the antinociceptive activity of butorphanol, nalbuphine, pentazocine, and morphine were determined. Antinociception, as measured by an increase in percent maximum possible effect (%MPE) derived from time to paw lick in mice increased with dose for all compounds except nalbuphine at all temperatures. Nalbuphine elicited activity (50% MPE) at one dose (3 mg/kg) at 49.5°C. Butorphanol, 10 mg/kg, and pentazocine, 10 mg/kg, produced 100% MPE and 80% MPE at 49.5°C and 53°C, respectively. Only morphine (20 mg/kg) produced 100% MPE at all temperatures. Since every compound exhibited antinociceptive activity at 49.5°C at some dose below toxicity, it is suggested that this is the preferred temperature to screen for mixed opioid compounds.

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