Polarisation fluctuation of submarine-cabled single-mode optical fibres in ocean installation

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Abstract
Polarisation fluctuations of the power spectrum with time in an optical fibre submarine cable installation are reported for the first time. It was found that the power spectrum of polarisation fluctuation was less than 60 Hz, and the maximum power spectrum was between 5Hz and 10Hz during the cable installation within a maximum cable tension of 18 kN (˜1.8 tons) and a cable laying speed of 3.5 n mile/h, respectively.