Fracture-Dislocations of Zygoma and Zygomatic Arch: Historical Development of Surgical Treatment

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Abstract
The surgical treatment of fracture-dislocations of the zygoma and zygomatic arch has a long and interesting development. Injury to this facial bone was most likely recognized for many years before the appearance of records on the subject. In all probability many instruments and methods were devised and used for surgical treatment without being recorded. Early literature on fractures of the zygoma and zygomatic arch described the injury, in most cases, as being of the simple type with minimal displacement. These simple fractures required little or no treatment, for the disability, due mostly to edema, was quite transient. Most of the fractures occurred in men, and the disfigurement caused by facial asymmetry was accepted. The defect created by depressed arch fractures was easily covered by hair in both sexes. Fractures of the zygoma and zygomatic arch were considered quite rare and their rarity was proclaimed more than the need for treatment.

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