Passive-and active-avoidance behavior of cats with combined lesions of limbic cortex-septal area and cingulate gyrus was studied. These Ss were compared with Ss having separate lesions of these 2 areas and with unlesioned controls. Ss with the combined lesions showed normal passive avoidance, while Ss with only limbic cortex-septal lesions were deficient (p = .027). All groups were similar in the acquisition of one-way, active-avoidance responses. A cingulectomy apparently protects S from the passive-avoidance deficit that follows limbic cortex-septal lesions. The absence of an active-avoidance deficity in the cingulectomized Ss, reported to previous studies, is discussed.