Effects of captopril on blood pressure, electrolytes, and certain hormones in hypertension

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Abstract
Short-term hypertensive and hormonal effects of captopril were studied in 26 hypertensive patients. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were recorded in subjects in the supine position 1 h before and 3 h after an oral dose of 1 mg/kg. Urinary, plasma electrolytes, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) were determined before and after the test. It was verified, in a preliminary investigation involving 5 patients, that a placebo did not alter the measured parameters. Captopril decreased mean arterial pressure (.hivin.xABP .+-. SD) from 128 .+-. 2.5 to 108.5 .+-. 2.6 mm Hg (P < 0.001); the maximum decrease was between 30 and 180 min. No changes in heart rate or plasma electrolytes were noted. PRA increased after captopril from 2.29 .+-. 0.96 to 3.13 .+-. 1.25 and to 4.11 .+-. 1.87 at 1 h and 3 h (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between PRA in standing subjects before captopril and decrease in .hivin.xABP (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). The best correlation was between the decrease in .hivin.xABP and the maximum increase in PRA after captopril (r = 0.69). A good correlation was found between .hivin.xABP and PRA 3 h after captopril (r = 0.62). Correlation coefficients between decrease in .hivin.xABP and either precaptopril PA or decrease in PA were not significant. In 14 patients, captopril (5.1 .+-. 0.61 mg/kg per day) for 4 mo. induced the same decrease in .hivin.xABP that was observed during the test. After short- and long-term captopril, .hivin.xABP correlated (r = 0.76, P < 0.01).

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