Energy dispersive X-ray elemental analysis of isolated epiphyseal growth plate chondrocyte fragments

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Abstract
Isolated cells of matrix fragments of freeze fractured and freeze dried growth plate from the four species was analyzed by EDX. Cells were removed from the tissue by stereoscopic microdissection using an SEM and mounted on thin film supports on TEM grids: this approach eliminated specimen X-ray background and reduced instrumental and support back-ground levels to insignificant proportions. Chondrocyte and matrix fragments were dissected and analyzed. Cell Ca reaches EDX detectable levels in hypertrophic cells close to the mineralization front. At all stages of maturation, the cells exhibit high P; however, matrix Ca levels are elevated before P. This data suggests that the early cartilage matrix is accumulating Ca and that the cells' role in this process may be to elevate the matrix Ca and P concentration. All cells showed clear S peaks although these are reduced in late hypertrophic cells. With mineralization, matrix S levels fall, indicating a loss of sulfated proteoglycans. Matrix before mineralization contains more K than would be expected from data of previous studies. It is suggested that while this K may be bound to fixed anionic sites in the matrix, reported values for cartilage lymph and extracellular fluid should be reviewed.