Modulation of synchrony between single motor units during precision grip tasks in humans

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Abstract
During precision grip, coherence between motor cortex and hand muscle EMG oscillatory activity in the 15‐30 Hz range covaries with the compliance of the manipulated object. The current study investigated whether short‐term synchrony and coherence between discharges of single motor units (SMUs) in the first dorsal interosseous (1DI) muscle were similarly modulated by object compliance during precision grip. Eight subjects used index finger and thumb to grip two levers that were under robotic control. Guided by visual feedback of the lever force levels, subjects held the levers against a steady force of 1.3 N for 8 s; they then linearly increased the force to 1.6 N over a 2 s period and held for a further 8 s before linearly decreasing the force back to the 1.3 N level over another 2 s period. Subjects performed the task at two different levels of compliance, each with identical grip force levels. Both surface EMG and SMU activity were recorded from the 1DI muscle. Short‐term synchrony between the discharges of pairs of SMUs was assessed in the time domain by cross‐correlation and in the frequency domain by coherence analysis. Coherence was seen in two frequency ranges: 6‐12 Hz and 15‐30 Hz. The compliance of the gripped object had a significant effect on both short‐term synchronisation and coherence in the 15‐30 Hz range between SMUs; both were greater for the more compliant condition. There was no change in the 6‐12 Hz coherence.