‘Leveraging’ Urban Development: A Comparison of Urban Policy Directions and Programme Impact in the United States and Britain

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Abstract
The papers presented here are the product of an Urban Policy Colloquium held in the Summer of 1984, at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. Some forty participants from the Scottish Development Department, Department of the Environment, Scottish Development Agency, Glasgow District Council, Strathclyde Regional Council and academic departments concerned with urban affairs were invited to discuss the evolution, design and potential impact of public programmes based on the principle of ‘leverage’. Specifically, these are techniques that employ limited capital subsidies to induce net investment by the private sector, or prevent disinvestment, in economically disadvantaged or distressed urban locations. While this concept is hardly novel in British urban/regional policy, the style and scope of the Urban Development Grant (UDG) operating in England and Wales and the Local Enterprise Grant for Urban Projects (LEG-UP) in Scotland were both closely modelled on the Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) first introduced in the USA during the Carter Administration. Urian Wannop’s contribution sets the scene for the detailed papers, and in doing so draws attention to the apparent similarities between recent urban policy initiatives in Britain and the United States.

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