Modification of a commercial electrothermal vaporisation system for inductively coupled plasma spectrometry: evaluation and matrix effects

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Abstract
The development and analytical utility of an electrothermal vaporisation technique (ETV) employing a Perkin-Elmer HGA-500 graphite furnace for sample introduction into the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) are assessed. Evaluation of a novel configuration with custom graphite cuvettes is described. Operational characteristics, including the effect of the length of the transport tube to the ICP torch, vaporisation temperature, carrier argon flow-rate, observation height above the coil and plasma power, are investigated. Detection limits for Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.6 to 20 ng ml–1 with precision varying from 1.2 to 8.5% RSD at 300 ng ml–1(3 µl). The effects of major biological matrix constituents (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and P) on the determination of trace elements by ETV-ICP is also investigated. Significant enhancement and/or suppression of the analyte emission is observed.

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