Abstract
Community development can be understood as an expression of citizenship in action. A synthesis of two different citizenship traditions is proposed so that citizenship is understood both as a status, involving rights, and as a practice, involving political participation, broadly defined. This framework is applied to community development in the context of Northern Ireland. Particular emphasis is placed on women;s active citizenship. This also highlights the ways in which citizenship acts as a force of exclusion as well as inclusion and the need to accommodate difference in citizenship's universalistic premises.

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