A new photoreactivating enzyme that specifically repairs ultraviolet light-induced (6-4)photoproducts

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Abstract
CYCLOBUTANE pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone photoproducts ((6–4)photoproducts) are the two major classes of cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic DNA photoproducts produced by ultraviolet light irradiation of cells1–4. The phenomenon of photoreactivation, the reduction of the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet radiation by simultaneous or subsequent irradiation with near ultraviolet or visible light, has been identified in several organisms and in some cases the enzymes that catalyse this process have been characterized in sufficient detail5. CPDs are the only known substrate for the photoreactivating enzymes so far analysed and enzymatic photoreactivation of (6–4)photoproducts has not yet been reported4,5. We report here that an enzyme that catalyses the light-dependent repair of (6–4)photoproduct exists in Drosophila melanogaster. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of such photoreactivating activity specific for (6–4)photoproducts in any organism.