Influence of Moisture, Temperature, Leaf Maturity, and Host Genotype on Infection of Elms byStegophora ulmea

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Abstract
The influence of environmental and host factors on the initiation and development of black spot disease on both resistant and susceptible elm clones was investigated. Optimum disease development occurred when plants were exposed to 100% relative humidity at 16.degree. C for 24 h following inoculation with 106 spores/ml of conidal suspension. Low temperature (12.degree.-16.degree. C) resulted in increased disease incidence in moderately susceptible clones but did not have a significant effect on a highly susceptible clone of Ulmus laevis. Temperature did not influence the type (sporulating vs. nonsporulating) of lesion present. Young, growing leaves were most susceptible; no lesions were found on leaves below the 3rd internode from the growing tip. Repeatability estimates were high (0.88-0.91), which suggests a high heritability for clonal response to S. ulmea and a good potential for breeding and selection for resistance.

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