Altered Feeding Response as a Cause for the Altered Heartbeat Rate and Locomotor Activity of Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Biomphalaria glabrata

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Abstract
B. glabrata infected with S. mansoni for 33 days fed more often then uninfected snails. Whereas uninfected snails had nocturnal increases in feeding, snails with a 33 day old infection of S. mansoni fed as often during the day as in the night. Direct observation and film analysis showed that feeding increased the heartbeat rate and locomotor activity of B. glabrata. When snails were allowed to feed ad lib., infected snails had higher heartbeat rates than uninfected snails both during the day (P < 0.01) and the night (P < 0.001). When the snails were deprived of food for 24 h, infected snails had slightly higher heartbeat rates than uninfected snails only during the day (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the heartbeat rates of feeding, infected snails and the heartbeat rates of uninfected snails that were starved for 8 h, and then allowed to feed. Uninfected snails had nocturnal increases in heartbeat rate regardless of feeding schedule, but infected snails had greater nighttime heartbeat rate than daytime heartbeat rate only when they were not allowed to feed. Infected snails had less nocturnal locomotor activity than uninfected snails when feeding, but there was no difference between the locomotor activity of infected and uninfected snails when the snails were deprived of food for 24 h. Absence of food also resulted in an increased nighttime to daytime ratio of locomotor activity of infected snails. The increased heartbeat rate and altered rhythms of heartbeat rate and locomotor activity in B. glabrata infected with S. mansoni for 33 days may be caused by the altered feeding response of these snails.