Massive Subaponeurotic Haemorrhage in Infants Born by Vacuum Extraction

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Abstract
Nine out of 232 infants on whom the vacuum extractor was employed developed subaponeurotic haemorrhage and two of these infants died. In a further 78 infants born by vacuum extraction, all of whom received intramuscular vitamin K1, four sustained subaponeurotic haemorrhage and one died. This type of haemorrhage was not encountered in over 12,000 infants born by other methods. Its relationship to vacuum extraction was found to be significantly more frequent when the thrombotest level was 10% or below of normal adult activity. It is suggested that infants born by vacuum extraction and with a thrombotest level of 10% or below might be protected from subaponeurotic haemorrhage by the transfusion of fresh frozen plasma.