Effect of race on renal transplant outcome1

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Abstract
Renal transplant outcome was compared in whiles and blacks at a single center. All recipients transplanted between 1984 to 1991 were included in this study. White and black recipients were followed for a mean period of 37.6 (1–96) months. The age, sex, follow‐up period, immunosuppressive protocol, number of retransplants, HLA mismatches and etiology of renal disease were comparable in the two races. Overall graft survival was lower in black recipients (p = 0.0300). Graft survival in all cadaver (p = 0.0520) and primary cadaver (p = 0.1430) transplants was lower in blacks, though this was not statistically significant. Percentage of graft losses during the follow‐up was higher in black 53/108 (49%), than white recipients 82/257 (32%) (p = 0.002), as were cadaver graft losses due to rejection, 39/92 (42%) in blacks, 54/190 (28%) in whites (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in graft losses due to rejection between races in the 1 yr post transplant, but there were significantly more graft losses after 1 yr in blacks 16/83 (19%) compared to whites (16/156 (10%) (p = 0.05). In cadaver grafts functioning for 6 months, subsequent survival was lower in black recipients (p = 0.0418). There was lower patient survival in blacks during the mean follow‐up period of 37.6 months (1–96). In conclusion, lower graft survival in blacks can be partially explained by fewer LRD transplants in black recipients. Persistent lower graft survival in all black recipients and significantly more losses due to rejection beyond 1 yr may be related to immunological differences, poor compliance, or a combination of both.