Urinary excretion of albumin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: persistent versus intermittent microalbuminuria and relationship to duration of diabetes, sex, and metabolic control.

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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of solitary pancreas transplantation in the treatment of IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A single-center retrospective case series of 62 consecutive solitary pancreas transplants (20 sequential pancreas after kidney, 42 pancreas transplants alone) performed in 57 adult IDDM patients was studied. Indications for solitary pancreas transplantation were 1) the presence of two or more overt diabetic complications and/or 2) glucose hyperlability with hypoglycemic unawareness and impaired quality of life. The recipient group consisted of 31 men and 26 women with a mean age of 38 years (range 25–62) and a mean duration of diabetes of 26 years (range 14–52). Mean pretransplant glycohemoglobin level was 9.9 ± 2.6%. Organ acceptance was restricted to ideal donors and man-dated a minimum of a two-antigen match (mean human leukocyte antigen ABDR match 2.7). The mean cold ischemia time was 16.6 h. Whole-organ pancreas transplantation was performed with bladder drainage by the duodenal segment technique. All patients were managed with either triple or quadruple immunosuppression. Monitoring included prospective urine cytology as well as cystoscopic transduodenal needle biopsies. RESULTS The mean length of initial hospital stay was 18 days, and mean hospital charges were $106,341. The incidences of rejection, infection, and surgical complications were 70, 55, and 47%, respectively. Overall patient and graft survival rates were 86 and 52%, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 28 months. All patients with functioning grafts had excellent metabolic control (mean glycohemoglobin level 5.1%) and achieved good rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Despite morbidity, solitary pancreas transplantation can be performed with improving success, can enhance quality of life, and can offer an opportunity to arrest secondary diabetic complications.

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