Cooperative Mechanism in the Homodimeric Myoglobin from Nassa mutabilis

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Abstract
Oxygen binding and spectroscopic properties of the homodimeric myoglobin (Mb) from the prosobranchia sea snail Nassa mutabilis have been investigated. Oxygen equilibrium curves are pH-independent and cooperative with P50 = 5 ± 1 mmHg and n ≈ 1.5. Circular dichroism spectra of the oxygenated and deoxygenated form of N. mutabilis Mb are superimposable between 190 and 250 nm, suggesting a mechanism for cooperative ligand binding that does not involve changes in the α-helical content of the whole protein. The oxygen dissociation process is biphasic and pH-dependent, with different pKa values (=6.7 ± 0.2 and 8.5 ± 0.3) for the two phases. Moreover, the activation energy is essentially the same for both oxygen dissociation processes (Ea = 56.4 ± 2.1 kJ/mol for the fast phase, and Ea = 53.8 ± 1.9 kJ/mol for the slow phase), indicating that the rate difference for O2 dissociation between the diliganded and the monoliganded species is mostly dependent on a variation of the activation entropy. Ferrous nitrosylated N. mutabilis Mb shows, at alkaline and neutral pH, axial and rhombic X-band EPR signals, respectively, which display below pH 6 a three-hyperfine pattern typical of five-coordination. The results presented here suggest that in N. mutabilis Mb the kinetic control of cooperativity operates through a mechanism never observed before in other hemoproteins, which requires a ligand-linked large enhancement for the value of the oxygen association process in a molecule not undergoing changes in quaternary structure.