Measurement of Electron Densities in the Middle Atmosphere Using Rocket Borne Blunt Probes.

Abstract
Detailed consideration has been given to the determination of electron number density from conductivity data gathered by rocket borne blunt probes in the middle atmosphere. A definition of the difficulty of electron density determination is presented. The procedures of determination of ion densities in the middle atmosphere are reviewed and critically evaluated. The specific aspects of particle collection by a supersonic probe are evaluated and compared to those of a subsonic probe; it is indicated that compression (x10) regions will form in front of supersonic probes at altitudes up to 100 km, and that electron attachment rates could significantly alter electron and negative ion concentrations. A summary of the analysis of negative conductivity data to indicate electron density is presented. Data from four days, January 31, 1972, and December 5, 1972 (WI), and October 2, 1975, and September 29, 1977 (WSMR), are reduced and electron density profiles presented; these are compared with the indication of electron density from other diagnostics. In the region of overlap of data, there is general agreement in the electron density predictions; the indication of electron density at altitudes below 70 km are new, but the theory for this region is felt to be most accurate. (Author)

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