Clinical profile and management of heart failure: rural community hospital vs. metropolitan heart center

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Abstract
Background: Knowledge on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with heart failure originates from studies of selected populations in clinical trials or from epidemiological observations. Reports on the large numbers of patients with heart failure treated in community hospitals are sparse. Objective: Are there differences in patient characteristics and heart failure management between a metropolitan heart center (HC) and a rural community hospital (RCH)? Patients and methods: Retrospective analysis of medical charts from all patients admitted for heart failure (ICD 428.x, NYHA II–IV, EF < 45%) between May 1997 and April 1998 and discharged alive from a rural community hospital. A similar, but prospective registry was available at the HC. Follow‐up information was obtained by request at registration authorities. Results: Patient groups comprised 120 in RCH and 146 in HC. Mean age was 75 ± 11 and 66 ± 11 years, respectively (P < 0.001); 48% (RCH) vs. 74% (HC) of patients were male (P < 0.001). On admission the proportion of functional class IV was 69% (RCH) vs. 17% (HC) (P < 0.001). At discharge, the rate of ACE‐inhibitors was 74% (RCH) vs. 98% (HC); 11% (RCH) vs. 43% (HC) of patients received β‐blocker therapy. Ninety‐six percent of patients in HC underwent and 22% in RCH had undergone invasive diagnostics. One‐year mortality rate of patients discharged alive was 26% in RCH and 19% in HC (P ‐ n.s. after adjustment for age and gender). Conclusion: Heart failure management according to current guidelines, using β‐blockers and ACE inhibitors, and invasive cardiac examination was significantly less performed in the rural community hospital than in the metropolitan heart center. Therefore, strategies to improve heart failure management according to guidelines are urgently needed.