Angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and high urinary albumin concentration in French Type 2 diabetes patients

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Abstract
Aims Family‐based studies suggest a genetic basis for nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes. The angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene is a candidate gene for Type 1 diabetes nephropathy. We assessed the association between high urinary albumin concentration and ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, in French Type 2 diabetes patients.Methods We studied 3139 micro/macroalbuminuric French patients recruited in the DIABHYCAR Study, an ACE inhibition trial in Type 2 diabetes patients with renal and cardiovascular outcomes. The main inclusion criteria were age ≥ 50 years, urinary albumin concentration ≥ 20 mg/l assessed centrally during two consecutive screening visits, and plasma creatinine concentration ≤ 150 µmol/l. These patients were compared with 605 normoalbuminuric (NA; urinary albumin concentration < 10 mg/l at first screening for the DIABHYCAR Study) French patients. ACE I/D genotype was determined by nested polymerase chain reaction.Results The ACE I/D polymorphism was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of genotypes did not differ significantly between micro/macroalbuminuric and NA patients: 552 and 115 II, 1468 and 282 ID, 1119 and 208 DD (P = 0.67). However, the ACE D allele was more frequent among normotensive micro/macroalbuminuric patients than among NA patients (P = 0.039).Conclusions The ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with high urinary albumin concentration in French Type 2 diabetes patients.

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