Nighttime Sleep and Bed Mobility among Incontinent Nursing Home Residents

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Abstract
Objective: To describe sleep and body movement patterns in incontinent nursing home residents for the purpose of determining if the residents require nighttime changing and body repositioning on a 2‐hour schedule.Design: Cross‐sectional survey.Setting: Four nursing homes.Participants: 118 nursing home residents.Measurements: Over two nights, bedside monitoring equipment recorded wrist activity (as a proxy measure for sleep) and body movements of both the shoulder and hip areas in consecutive 2‐minute intervals. Specific outcome measures were: (1) Average duration of a sleep episode, peak duration of a sleep episode, and percent of time in bed asleep. (2) The number of 2‐minute intervals in which a large movement (45 degree turn) at the shoulder and hip was noted per hour of recording for each resident. (3) The number of resident‐initiated, rather than staff‐initiated, large movements at the shoulder and hip that occurred within the same 2‐minute intervals.Results: There was large variability in all sleep measures; however, on average, residents slept 66% of the time they were in bed. The distribution of these measures suggests that sleep was punctuated with frequent mighttime awakenings. Thirty‐three percent of the incontinent residents demonstrated very low levels of resident‐initiated movement at the shoulder and hip. Sixty‐six percent demonstrated at least one large movement at the shoulder and hip per hour during periods of sleep as well as during periods of wake.Conclusion: The majority of incontinent nursing home residents self‐initiate sufficiently frequent movements at both the shoulder and hip so as not to be in need of frequent repositioning by nursing staff. Since the sleep of many of these residents is also characterized by frequent awakenings, incontinent nursing home residents may benefit from a schedule of nursing care at night that considers sleep of equal importance to incontinence care and body repositioning.