Mammalian fertilization as seen with the scanning electron microscope

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Abstract
For several years we have been looking at mammalian gametes and their interactions with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Examining the images produced by the SEM has given us a three‐dimensional view of sperm, eggs, and egg investments. We are particularly impressed with the structural variation among gametes of different mammalian species. In this short report we examine the structure of mammalian spermatozoa, eggs, zonae pellucidae, and cumuli. Our observations and those of others have led us to believe that variation in gamete structure and function may have evolved as a mechanism for reproductive isolation of mammalian species.