Saturation effects in Fourier spectroscopy

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Abstract
The saturation behaviour of spin systems in Fourier experiments is investigated theoretically and experimentally and is compared with the saturation effects in slow passage experiments. Particular attention is paid to the saturation effects in strongly coupled homonuclear spin systems. A density operator theory is developed to describe saturation in Fourier experiments. In many cases, coupled spin systems saturate homogeneously in Fourier experiments without any change of relative line intensities, whereas in slow passage experiments strong differential saturation effects and multiple quantum transitions can be observed. Conditions are indicated for homogeneous saturation of coupled spin systems. On the other hand, in uncoupled spin systems, the saturation behaviour is similar in the two experiments. Examples of two-spin and three-spin systems are discussed.